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shortspine thornyhead
The shortspine thornyhead (''Sebastolobus alascanus'') is a species of fish in the Sebastidae family. It is sometimes referred to as the "idiot fish" or "idiot cod" due to its large oversize head/eyes. It is found in Canada, Russia, and the United States. Adult ''S. alascanus'' live predominantly in the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), and thus require specific adaptations/exaptations in order to overcome the problems posed by the extremely low levels of oxygen saturation. Allowing for an increased ventilation frequency during exposure to progressively hypoxic conditions, as compared to its more shallow relative ''Scorpaena guttata'', enables ''S. alascanus'' to compensate for the inherent low concentrations of oxygen in the OMZ. Further, heightened levels of lactate dehydrogenase, specifically the anaerobic isoform- LDH-A in the heart and muscles of ''S. alascanus'', suggests an adaptive mechanism for ATP production during low oxygen availability.
==Description==
The shortspine thornyhead has a large head with a strong spiny ridge, and an elongate, tapering body which grows to a maximum length of . The dorsal fin has 15 to 17 spines and 8 to 9 soft rays and the anal fin has 3 spines and 4 to 5 soft rays. There is a deep notch in the pectoral fin and the caudal fin is rounded. The general color of this fish is bright red with varying amounts of black on the fins and a pale-colored gill chamber. This fish may live for 100 years.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Sebastolobus alascanus'' Bean, 1890: Shortspine thornyhead )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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